Integrasi Kearifan Lokal dan Farmakogenetik dalam Pengembangan Pengobatan Alami Berbasis Personalized Medicine

Abstract

The integration of local wisdom and pharmacogenetics has emerged as an innovative approach in developing natural medicine within the framework of personalized medicine. This study aims to critically examine the relationship, challenges, and future prospects of integrating traditional medicinal knowledge with modern genomic science. This research employed a narrative literature review approach using scientific articles indexed in Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar published between 2019 and 2024. The literature was analyzed through thematic synthesis focusing on ethnopharmacology, pharmacogenomics, herbal medicine, and personalized healthcare. The findings indicate that local wisdom-based medicine possesses strong empirical and cultural value but still faces limitations in molecular validation and scientific standardization. In contrast, pharmacogenetics provides a precise approach to individualized therapy based on genetic variability, although it often overlooks biological complexity and socio-cultural contexts. Emerging approaches such as ethnopharmacogenomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology offer significant opportunities to bridge these two paradigms by explaining the multi-component and multi-target mechanisms of herbal medicine. However, major challenges remain, including limited genomic databases, lack of herbal standardization, and insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration. Therefore, the future development of natural medicine requires an integrative, evidence-based, and culturally sensitive healthcare framework.