Literatur Review: Potensi Kearifan Lokal Papua dan Farmasi Pada Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) sebagai Antimalaria, Antivirus HIV, dan Antiaging

Abstract

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) is an endemic plant from Papua traditionally used by local communities as part of indigenous wisdom in traditional medicine. This plant contains bioactive compounds such as β-carotene, tocopherol, flavonoids, essential fatty acids, and phenolic compounds that potentially exhibit antimalarial, anti-HIV antiviral, and antiaging activities. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological potential of red fruit through a literature review approach. Articles were collected from Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases published between 2019 and 2026 using the keywords “Pandanus conoideus”, “Papuan red fruit”, “antimalarial”, “HIV antiviral”, and “antiaging”. The results demonstrated that red fruit extract possesses strong antioxidant activity capable of scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress. Tocopherol and carotenoid compounds in red fruit also contribute to immune enhancement, supporting its potential role in HIV antiviral therapy. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds of red fruit have shown inhibitory effects against Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria. In antiaging applications, the antioxidant activity of red fruit may promote cellular regeneration and prevent oxidative skin damage. In conclusion, Papuan red fruit has promising potential to be developed as a phytopharmaceutical product based on Indonesian local wisdom