Morphological Diversity and Analysis of The Relationship Between CB-06 Lines and Three Varieties of Large Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) Based On Cluster Analysis
Bahasa Inggris
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31102/agrosains.2026.11.1.74-94Keywords:
analysis cluster, large chili pepper, morphological characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, UPGMAAbstract
Morphological diversity provides essential baseline information for large chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding, particularly for identifying distinguishing traits and determining morphological relationships among genotypes. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological diversity and analyze the relationship between the CB-06 line and three comparison varieties, namely Pilar, Darmais, and Gajah. The study was conducted from December 2025 to April 2026 at the research field of CV Tunas Java Mandiri, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Qualitative and quantitative morphological traits were observed based on chili pepper descriptors. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, the least significant difference test at the 5% level, and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis using the UPGMA method based on Euclidean distance. The results showed that morphological variation was mainly found in flower and fruit traits, including corolla color, stigma color, fruit base shape, and ripe fruit color. Cluster analysis grouped the four genotypes into three clusters. Pilar and Gajah showed the closest morphological relationship, with a Euclidean distance of 2.1, whereas CB-06 showed the highest morphological divergence, with a distance of 7.9. Quantitatively, CB-06 had the longest fruit shelf life of 6.88 days, while Darmais produced the highest fruit weight of 20.71 g. These findings indicate that CB-06 possesses distinctive morphological variation and may serve as a potential genetic source in large chili pepper breeding, particularly for parental selection and the development of improved varieties.
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