Artikel Review : Pemanfaatan Teknik Bioassay (Cell Line) Sebagai Analisis Hayati Dalam Bidang Pangan dan Farmasi

Abstract

Cell line-based bioassay techniques have become an increasingly vital biological analysis method in food and pharmaceutical research because they enable the evaluation of biological activities in a specific, sensitive, and physiologically relevant manner. This review aims to examine the developments and applications of cell line–based bioassays as biological analytical tools for assessing the bioactivity of compounds in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review analyzing recent reputable scientific publications discussing cell culture-based bioassays to evaluate biological activities—including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties—as well as cytotoxicity testing of bioactive compounds and pharmaceutical products. The findings indicate that cell lines such as HeLa, MCF-7, Caco-2, HepG2, and RAW 264.7 are widely utilized to investigate biological mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and therapeutic potential. In the food sector, these techniques are applied to evaluate nutraceutical effects, natural bioactive compounds, and fermented products. In the pharmaceutical field, cell line-based bioassays play a critical role in drug screening, toxicity testing, and drug candidate development. Consequently, cell line–based bioassay techniques offer an effective and efficient biological analysis approach, providing more comprehensive biological insights than traditional chemical methods.